需求背景
如果参与 Linux、QEMU 或者 OpenSBI 等开源项目，不能通过在 GitHub 或者 Gitlab 平台提交pull request。而是需要将修改的代码，通过 Patch 形式提交到对应的listserv供 Maintainer 审核。那么如何创建 Patch 并发送呢？
这里以向 OpenSBI 提交一个 Patch 为例。
创建 Patch
首先将官方 Repository，Fork 到自己的 GitHub：
回到自己的主页，找到刚刚 Fork 的 Repository，将其 Clone 到本地：
修改代码与正常开发流程一直，修改完在git commit时需要加上Signed-off-by字段，因为 Merge 代码的人通常不是提交代码的人，有该字段才能证明是你修改了对应的代码。
-s参数会自动加上Signed-off-by字段：
$ git commit -s
doc:fix some typos
Signed-off-by: dominic <dominic@gmail.com>
# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
#
# Date: Tue Sep 27 21:11:41 2022 +0800
#
# On branch master
# Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
#
# Changes to be committed:
# modified: docs/domain_support.md
# modified: docs/library_usage.md
# modified: docs/platform_requirements.md
# modified: docs/pmu_support.md
生成.patch文件：
$ git format-patch HEAD^
0001-doc-fix-some-typos.patch
在当前目录下会生成一个0001-doc-fix-some-typos.patch文件：
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
0001-doc-fix-some-typos.patch
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
这个文件就是我们要发送的文件，文件内容就是我们的代码修改，以及作者等信息：
$ cat 0001-doc-fix-some-typos.patch
From d404cb82f4c4aca15dcd35855d0bc96c5b4431d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dunky-Z <xxxxxxxxx@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Sep 2022 21:11:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] doc:fix some typos
Signed-off-by: dominic <dominic@gmail.com>
---
docs/domain_support.md | 6 +++---
docs/library_usage.md | 2 +-
docs/platform_requirements.md | 2 +-
docs/pmu_support.md | 10 +++++-----
4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/domain_support.md b/docs/domain_support.md
index 73931f1..8963b57 100644
--- a/docs/domain_support.md
+++ b/docs/domain_support.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ OpenSBI Domain Support
======================
...
配置 send-email
安装 git-email
通过git直接发送 Patch 需要使用git-email工具，得手动安装：
sudo apt install git-email
Windows 平台在安装 Git 时默认已安装
生成 smtp 授权码
登录QQ 邮箱 - 帐户：
开启 IMAP/SMTP 服务，并生成授权码：
根据提示发送短信：
记录下生成的授权码：
配置.gitconfig
Ubuntu 平台：~/.gitconfig
Windows 平台：C:\Users\用户名\.gitconfig
[sendemail]
smtpencryption = tls
smtpserver = smtp.qq.com
smtpuser = dominic_riscx@qq.com
smtpserverport = 587
from = dominic_riscx@qq.com
smtppass = xxxxxx
cc = dominic@gmail.com
#to = opensbi@lists.infradead.org
为了方便复制，单独注释：
[sendemail]
smtpencryption = # 加密方式，保持默认
smtpserver = # smtp 服务器地址，保持默认
smtpuser = # 邮箱地址，改为 QQ 邮箱地址，也就是用哪个邮箱发送，就填哪个
smtpserverport = # 端口号，保持默认
from = # 同 smtpuser
smtppass = # 上文生成的 smtp 授权码
cc = # 抄送的邮箱地址
#to = opensbi@lists.infradead.org
# 要发送的地址，这个字段我注释了，因为怕以后发邮件默认发到这个地址，这个字段可以在发送时单独填写
发送 Patch
#$ git send-email patch文件名
$ git send-email 0001-doc-fix-some-typos.patch
0001-doc-fix-some-typos.patch
# 提示往哪里发送，填写要接收的邮箱即可，我这里填写的是OpenSBI接收Patch的地址
To whom should the emails be sent (if anyone)? opensbi@lists.infradead.org
Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)?
# 回车，保存默认（我还不清楚这里的作用）
(mbox) Adding cc: Dunky-Z <xxxxxxxxx@qq.com> from line 'From: Dunky-Z <xxxxxxxxx@qq.com>'
(body) Adding cc: dominic <dominic@gmail.com> from line 'Signed-off-by: dominic <dominic@gmail.com>'
From: dominic_riscx@qq.com
To: opensbi@lists.infradead.org
Cc: dominic@gmail.com,
Dunky-Z <xxxxxxxxx@qq.com>
Subject: [PATCH] doc:fix some typos
Date: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 10:35:30 +0800
Message-Id: <20220928023530.2344-1-dominic_riscx@qq.com>
X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.34.1.windows.1
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
The Cc list above has been expanded by additional
addresses found in the patch commit message. By default
send-email prompts before sending whenever this occurs.
This behavior is controlled by the sendemail.confirm
configuration setting.
For additional information, run 'git send-email --help'.
To retain the current behavior, but squelch this message,
run 'git config --global sendemail.confirm auto'.
Send this email? ([y]es|[n]o|[e]dit|[q]uit|[a]ll): y
# y 确认发送
OK. Log says:
Server: smtp.qq.com
MAIL FROM:<dominic_riscx@qq.com>
RCPT TO:<opensbi@lists.infradead.org>
RCPT TO:<dominic@gmail.com>
RCPT TO:<xxxxxxxxx@qq.com>
From: dominic_riscx@qq.com
To: opensbi@lists.infradead.org
Cc: dominic@gmail.com,
Dunky-Z <xxxxxxxxx@qq.com>
Subject: [PATCH] doc:fix some typos
Date: Wed, 28 Sep 2022 10:35:30 +0800
Message-Id: <20220928023530.2344-1-dominic_riscx@qq.com>
X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.34.1.windows.1
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Result: 250
# 发送成功
前往The opensbi Archives，找到对应的月份，点击Theread，即可找到自己发送的 Patch，每个开源社区一般都会在如何提交 PR 的文档里公开 Patch Archive 网址，这里是以 OpenSBI 的网址。
前往邮箱发送记录中也可以找到对应的 Patch 信息：
以上就是完整的提交 Patch 过程。